The Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attack (9/11) on the World Trade Center (New York City, NY, USA) killed nearly 3000 civilians and responders. However, adverse health outcomes of survivors and first responders continue to linger decades after the attacks. At the heart of these outcomes are the ongoing health effects stemming from exposure to the fumes, air pollution, or resuspended materials from the collapsed World Trade Center towers, as well as physical injuries and psychological trauma.